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"Dentist, n: A magician who places metal in your mouth and then removes it from your pocket."

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Know the hypo's and hypers!:

Hypoglycemia (Insulin Shock) - Low glucose in the blood, but with high levels of insulin
- Treatment - Give sugar to raise blood glucose (apple juice, cake frosting)
- Physical Findings:
- Skin - Moist and sweaty
- Hunger
- Pulse - Fast

Hyperglycemia (Diabetic Coma) - High glucose in the blood, but with low levels of insulin
- Sweet/fruity breath smell - Acetone breath
- Treatment - Insulin injection, activate EMS
- Physical Findings:
- Skin - Flushed and dry
- Lack of appetite
- Pulse - Weak
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Hyperthyroidism - excessive thyroid hormone secretion
- Oral Manifestations:
- Bone loss, premature eruption of teeth, early perio disease
- Clinical Manifestations:
- exophtalmus, weakness, reddish tint to skin

Hypothyroidism - decreased thyroid hormone secretion
- Oral Manifestations:
- thick lips, delayed tooth eruption
- In Children - cretinism
- In Adults - myxedema

Hyperparathyroidism - increased secretion of parathyroid hormone
- Oral Manifestations:
- Increased radiolucency of bone, cystic like spaces in maxilla and mandible
- Clinical Manifestations:
- weakness, anorexia, constipation, polyuria, polydipsea

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Adhesion - creates forces that cause UNLIKE molecules to attach to one another
Ex. - resin to enamel and plaqe to tooth structure

Cohesion - creates force that causes LIKE molecules to attach to one another
Ex. - welding and direct gold restorations

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Know classes of Cleft lp and cleft palate - Wilkins Page 667 for pictures
Class 1 - Cleft of tip of uvula (just the tip)
Class 2 - Cleft of uvula (a bifid uvula)
Class 3 - Cleft of soft palate
Class 4 - Cleft of soft and hard palates
Class 5 - Cleft of soft and hard palates that goes through the alveolar ridge on one side of premaxilla
Class 6 - Cleft of soft and hard palates that goes through both sides of premaxilla

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1. A dental hygienist is scaling the maxillary anterior teeth and asks the dentist to administer local anesthesia to the area. Which nerve block is he most likely to give:
A. anterior superior alveolar
B. greater palatine
C. nasopalatine
D. middle superior alveolar
E. posterior superior alveolar

2. A busy dental hygienist took alginate impressions on a patient and put them in the lab. Several hours later the models were poured. Which process was most likely to have occurred in the impression?
A. solation
B. gelation
C. syneresis
D. inbibition
E. thermal conduction

3. Which of the following local anesthetics can be administered intravenously to treat cardiac arrhythmias?
A. Lidocaine
B. Benzocaine
C. Prilocaine
D. Mepivacaine
E. Propoxycaine

4. Which of the following, when taken with antacids, can result in as much as a 50-percent DECREASE in intestinal absorption of the medication?
A. Codeine
B. Meperidine
C. Acetaminophen
D. Penicillin G
E. Tetracycline

5. Which of the following describes a radiographic film that has many gradations of gray from totally white to totally black?
A. overexposed
B. underexposed
C. low contrast
D. high contrast

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~ANSWERS~

1. A
2. C
3. A Lidocaine is used specifically to treat ventricular arrhythmias. Benzocaine is not used in an injectable form; it is a topical anesthetic only. Propoxycaine is an ester-type anesthetic with a higher potential for an allergic reaction. Prilocaine and mepivacaine are used only as local anesthetics.
4. E Antacids contain divalent cations such as aluminum, calcium, and magnesium and can form complexes with tetracycline, which cannot be absorbed.
5. C

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Keep Smiling and Happy Studying!!!!!!

Andy Codding
Floyd College - Rome, Georgia
www.AndyFutureRDH.com